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In behavioral psychology, the ''Assumption of Generality'' is the assumption that the results of experiments involving schedules of reinforcement, conducted on non-human subjects (often pigeons), can be generalized to apply to humans.〔Whaley, D.L & Mallott, R.W. (1971). ''Elementary Principles of Behavior''. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.〕〔Morse W.H. (1966). Intermittent reinforcement. In W.K. Honig (ed.), ''Operant Behavior: areas of research and application'' (pp. 52–108). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.〕〔Skinner, B.F. (1969). ''Contingencies of Reinforcement: A theoretical analysis.'' New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.〕 If the assumption holds, many aspects of daily human life can be understood in terms of these results. The naturalization of the sunlight helps our bodies to stay awake and keep motivated. The darkness that comes with night tells our body to slow down for the day and get some rest. The ability to survive comes with generality. Experiments have been done to test inescapability and insolubility. Fergus Lowe has questioned the generality of schedule effects in cases of fixed-interval performance among humans and non-humans.〔Lowe, F.C. (1979) Determinants of human operant behavior. In M.D. Zeiler & P. Harzem (Eds), ''Reinforcement and the organization of behavior'' (pp. 159–192). New York: John Wiley.〕 The ability to generalize information from one situation to another is a function of several factors. The reliability of the original information; the paradigm's validity; your understanding of the paradigm and the true determinants of the behavior and the relevant details of the situations in question; and the similarity between the original source of the data and the situation to which it is to be applied. There are both similarities and differences between the terms "stimulus generalization" and "generality of a functional relationship." Stimulus generalization is the description of the fact that an organism behaves in a similar way to similar stimuli and that the more different the stimuli the more different the behavior. The generality of a finding refers to the degree to which a functional relationship obtained in one situation is able to predict the obtained relationship in a new situation.〔 Keep in mind that we are not really interested in the "generality" of individual events but rather in the generality of functional relationships. We are not interested in the fact that responding occurs to X about the same as it did to Z but rather that distributed practice helps in learning nonsense syllables and in learning other tasks.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Generality (psychology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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